From: Your Name <you@example.com>
To: info@manda.dhamma.org info@dhamma.org info@dhara.dhamma.org info@theicarusproject.net info@freedom-center.org
Subject: End Psychiatric Discrimination at Vipassana Meditation Center

[Your Personal Statement Here]

For years the Vipassana Meditation Center led by S. N. Goenka has offered very popular meditation retreats on a donation basis, and we are appreciative of the Center's valuable services to the community. However, until recently the Vipassana Center (and the international network of Centers of which it is a part) had an explicit policy to exclude anyone labeled with a severe mental illness, a policy that was posted on its website. While the notice and policy were changed after complaints, the Vipassana Center still asks for and collects detailed information about psychiatric diagnosis and history as part of its application criteria, and rejects people on this basis.

The Icarus Project is a support network of people labeled with Bipolar Disorder and other mental illness diagnoses who have come together to provide mutual aid and challenge medical and mainstream definitions of who we are. Recently an Icarus member was rejected from a Vipassana Meditation Center retreat in Northern California on the grounds of disclosing he had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the past. We have also heard reports of members of the Freedom Center, an allied group in Western MA, who have had similar experiences. We strongly object to this discrimination.

If the Vipassana Center were a private employer or public facility, its policy of asking about mental illness diagnoses would be illegal under the Americans With Disability Act (ADA). The ADA allows asking neutral questions about a person's capacity to meet a required task, but not questions about a disability itself, medications, hospital history, or making assumptions about a person's capacity on the basis of a disability. (The ADA exempts religious organizations and churches from its provisions.)

With its current policy the Vipassana Center is perpetuating stereotypes about people labeled with mental illnesses, such as the belief that if we have a diagnosis we all must have impaired judgment or that none of us can meditate safely. Just because someone has at some time been labeled with a severe mental illness or been in a hospital or on medication tells you nothing whatsoever about their present capacity or condition. Because of the subjective and highly unscientific nature of mental illness diagnosis and psychiatry in general, a label like bipolar disorder really tells you nothing at all about a person, except that a doctor, at some point, gave them that diagnosis. A different doctor might have given them a different diagnosis -- in fact, it is very common for psychiatrists to disagree and for people in the mental health system to have more than one diagnosis at different times in their lives. Diagnosis of severe mental illness itself has inflated dramatically in recent years due to aggressive marketing by pharmaceutical companies. Assuming that a past or present diagnostic label necessarily means someone lacks a certain capacity is discrimination.

Many people labeled with severe psychiatric disabilities such as schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, and bipolar disorder have not only completed challenging meditation retreats, including the Vipassna retreats, but discovered that their so-called "illness" is actually intimately connected to spirituality, and that meditation is a valuable recovery tool. Faced with an arbitrary, intrusive, and discriminatory policy, many Vipassana Center retreat applicants simply hide their psychiatric history on the application to avoid stigmatization by the Center, which puts applicants in a degrading and unfair position.

We certainly understand the importance of adequately screening applicants for the challenges of a disciplined meditation retreat. We believe however that the Vipassana Center can find neutral, non-discriminatory questions to ask applicants, questions that focus on what a person can do without making assumptions about who they are. It is appropriate to ask questions about capacity to endure stress and hardship, to confront difficult emotions, to be physically uncomfortable, and other retreat considerations; it is not approprite to ask questions about diagnosis or psychiatric history. Many other Buddhist meditation retreats around the US comply with the ADA and do not ask intrusive and discriminatory questions. Why can't the Vipassana Center follow their example?

We hope the Vipassana Meditation Center will educate itself about the Americans With Disabilities Act, the mental health recovery movement, and the painful history of misunderstanding and mistreatment of people labeled with mental illnesses. Consistent with its goals of compassion and loving kindness, the Vipassana Meditation Center should act promptly to change this hurtful policy.

Please politely contact the Center with your concerns at info@manda.dhamma.org info@dhamma.org, call (707) 793-2163, fax (413) 625-2170, or send a letter to Northern California Vipassana Association P.O. Box 8250 Santa Rosa, CA 95407. Also please cc: a copy of your email or letter to info@theicarusproject.net and info@freedom-center.org


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Also, here is the article Will just published in a Buddhist journal about this issue:

https://site.icarusprojectarchive.org/advocacy-rights/welcoming-people-with-psychiatric-disabilities-at-meditation-retreats

 

Freedom To Sit: Welcoming People Labeled with Psychiatric Disabilities at Buddhist Retreats
by Will Hall

Turning Wheel: A Journal of Socially Engaged Buddhism, Publication of the Buddhist Peace Fellowship Summer 2007

(download pdf scanned version)

In 1992 I was committed to psychiatric hospitals, suffering from voices, fear, isolation, and visions that led to a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder schizophrenia. Since then, these same experiences guided me to the deeper questions of self and reality addressed by the dharma, and meditation practice has become an essential part of my life. The methods and outlook of the Buddha not only deepen my understanding of who I am and the “madness” I go through, but also, by focusing my mind and awakening my body, help to soothe and overcome the forces that threaten at times to destroy me.

When I am flooded with terrifying images and voices, stillness and listening clear a pathway for choice and control. Sensory awareness helps me regain a sense of safety in the world. Overwhelming fears become more manageable with observation, and dreamlike coincidences, telepathy, and omens lose their dangerous and seductive fascination when understood as expressions of the timeless unity of mind. Most importantly of all, when I am visited by seemingly demonic forces, I greet them as an opportunity: an opportunity to look more deeply at the trauma inside myself. Western medicine labeled my experiences mental illness, but for me they are an invitation to a richer and more spiritual understanding of life.

Meditation retreats are important to my practice, a place to reduce the clamor of daily life and increase the opportunity for discovery. But some of these retreats have policies that would exclude people like me. With the intention of protecting my own safety and the safety of their centers, retreats around the world regularly deny attendance to anyone labeled with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar, and ask detailed and intrusive questions about psychiatric history, diagnosis, medication, and current medical care. Without realizing what they are doing, these retreat centers are stigmatizing and discriminating.

A friend called me recently from Northern California, in tears that his hospitalization as a teenager meant being banned from a retreat, when he knew that others, with far less experience and dedication in their practices, were welcomed. I have spoken to many meditators with mental illness labels who share similar feelings from these policies: shame and violation. Retreats claim to be acting for our own good, but this is no comfort: the painful history of society’s treatment of people labeled “mentally ill” shows that the worst of abuses can be done in the name of a person’s own good.

Meditation center policies do have honorable motives. Retreats often involve great psychological and physical stress, and can stir up powerful emotions and experiences. Sitting for hours, living in silence, and breaking familiar routines of food, sleep, and work can be overwhelming. From time to time a retreat participant will go into an emotional crisis or need additional attention and care, which is disruptive to other participants and can, on rare occasion, lead to hospitalization. There are fears of insurance liability as well. Retreats therefore try to screen applicants for their suitability to the rigors of the retreat and their ability to complete the program successfully, hoping to prevent any problems.

I understand the need for meditation retreats, like any difficult program such as wilderness survival or sports training, to screen applicants. But you can’t predict someone’s ability to complete a stressful retreat by asking them intrusive questions about treatments, hospitalization history, or whether they’ve been labeled with a severe mental illness. Such questions invade privacy and are based on stereotypes about what people can and cannot do, stereotypes the disability rights movement is working to end. Being deaf, in a wheelchair, or blind doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t complete a meditation retreat, and neither does having a psychiatric history, diagnosis, or treatment. To believe people must be less capable just because of a disability, any disability, is to make assumptions that lead to discrimination.

U.S. law has already reached the same conclusion. Passed in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act is a comprehensive civil rights measure that protects from discrimination people who are, have been, or are perceived to be disabled. The ADA is historic legislation that has spawned revisions of international law and is looked to worldwide as a guide to fair treatment of people with disabilities, including people labeled with mental illnesses. I don’t endorse the idea of “disabilities,” and prefer instead to see them as “diverse-abilities,” but the ADA does set a basic standard for protecting people’s rights.

Under the ADA, employers, businesses, schools, and other institutions are not allowed to ask about the specific disabilities of prospective participants, employees, or students. This includes questions such as whether the person is deaf, in a chair, has been in a psychiatric hospital, or is on medication. Asking whether they can complete a specific task is allowed, but asking for personal information about any disability itself is considered discriminatory.

Meditation retreats usually fall under the ADA exemption allowed for religious organizations, even though they offer public services. That is to say, religious organizations are free to deny deaf interpreters, have no wheelchair ramps, or ban service dogs without fear of civil liability and being sued. (A religious organization would in certain specific instances still be bound to the ADA, such as if it was using a federally funded facility such as a public school for its public programs or was receiving federal funds, and in its hiring practices.)

Any meditation retreat that asks about the psychiatric histories of participants is therefore not technically in violation of the letter of the ADA, but it is certainly in violation of the spirit.

Given that retreat centers do have a legitimate need to screen people for their ability to participate, the question becomes, Can retreats accomplish this and remain within the spirit of the ADA? Can retreats screen applicants without being intrusive or relying on assumptions about what people with psychiatric diagnoses are capable of?

The answer is definitely yes. There are many Buddhist retreat centers around the world, from all traditions and varieties, that are already doing this. They don’t ask intrusive questions or exclude people based on their diagnostic label or psychiatric histories. These retreats either describe the challenges of their programs and let participants decide for themselves, or they have found neutral, non-discriminatory questions to ask applicants, questions that, in compliance with the ADA, focus on what a person can do without making assumptions about who they are. Such questions can be even be very detailed. Examples might be, “Have you successfully spent extended time meditating before? Have you endured extended periods of silence and stillness in the past? What is your susceptibility to stress? Are you emotionally fragile and vulnerable at this time in your life? Can you do without your daily routine? Are there any vital personal needs that you will be unable to meet during this retreat? Do you think you will be unable to complete this retreat for any physical, emotional, or psychological reasons? Do you have any questions about your capacities that you would like to discuss in further detail?”

Many people who have had harrowing experiences going off the deep end of madness, landing in psychiatric hospitals and labeled bipolar, schizophrenic, or borderline, have nonetheless gone on to become perfectly capable of completing rigorous meditation retreats. And many people with no psychiatric history at all have found themselves unable to complete the same challenging retreats. We are not necessarily more fragile, vulnerable, or unstable than others just because of our mental health experiences. Given the growth of mental illness labeling thanks to pharmaceutical company marketing, and given the inaccuracy of psychiatry as a science in general, for many people a psychiatric label might mean nothing more than that one doctor decided to give one diagnosis or prescribe a particular drug where another might have disagreed.

Those of us who have been through a breakdown or a “psychotic episode” (which many traditions understand in positive and spiritual terms, instead of the pathologies of Western medicine) may sometimes be more open to benefit from meditation, and more equipped to deal with strong feelings and emotions when they arise. People often recover from past crisis and emerge stronger than ever. When I began to meditate regularly, my emotional wellbeing improved so much that dedication and insights came quickly. If sitting for many days unravels familiar patterns of mind, and I start to encounter terrifying traumatic memories, distortions of time and space, voices, or psychic phenomena, I know how to deal with these states, because I have met them many times before outside of retreats. Many of us have discovered that our so-called “illness” is actually intimately connected with spiritual  awakening, and can even be our initiation into practice. Meditation, including on retreat, is a valuable recovery and healing tool, and what is called “madness” can itself be part of a spiritual path.

Buddhist teachings are intended for all. The ADA and the disability rights movement are working to ensure that people who are different from the mainstream are not segregated and excluded based on assumptions, misunderstandings, and stereotypes. If we are on the side of social justice and compassion in the world, we should be on the side of social justice and compassion in our own communities.

I know firsthand how important dharma practice is and the vital role that retreats and sanghas have played for my spirit and my health. I am also diagnosed with schizophrenia, and I know how painful, shaming, and humiliating some retreat policies can be. In the face of admissions discrimination, I have, like many people who go to retreats, kept my psychiatric details hidden. But participants like me shouldn’t be put in the position of hiding who we are. Fortunately many retreats are truly welcoming to those of us with psychiatric labels. I look forward to the day when all retreats are.